module
34
The course names keys the way the Einstein does: ENTER, DEL, ESC, BREAK, GRAPH, F0. Where that key is depends on what you are sitting at.
Press the key with that name on it. For a character, find it on the keys; if it is the upper of two on a key, hold SHIFT.
Wherever the course has a line beginning In MAME, it is not talking to you, and you can skip it.
You are typing on a modern keyboard that is standing in for the Einstein's. MAME lays one over the other by position, not by what is printed on your keys. The letters and the digits land where you expect. These do not need thinking about either:
| Einstein key | In MAME, press |
|---|---|
| ENTER | Return |
| SHIFT, CTRL, TAB, ESC, CAPS LOCK | the key of the same name |
| the four arrow keys | the four arrow keys |
| SPACE | the space bar |
These do:
| Einstein key | In MAME, press |
|---|---|
| DEL | Backspace |
| BREAK | the left Alt key - left Option on a Mac |
| GRAPH | F8 |
| F0 to F6 | F1 to F7: always one more than the Einstein's number |
| F7 | F8 - which is also GRAPH. Pressing it presses both, so the course never asks you for the Einstein's F7 |
And the punctuation, which Forth uses a great deal of:
| For this | In MAME, press |
|---|---|
" | SHIFT and 2 |
! | SHIFT and 1 |
# | SHIFT and 3 |
@ | SHIFT and 0 |
( and ) | SHIFT and 8, SHIFT and 9 |
: | the ' key, to the right of ; |
* | SHIFT and that same ' key |
; | ; |
+ | SHIFT and ; |
- | SHIFT and = |
= | = |
< and > | SHIFT and ,, SHIFT and . |
. , / | where you expect |
[ and ] | the left arrow and right arrow keys |
The key with - printed on it gives an underscore. It is the one that catches everybody. Minus is SHIFT and =.
The positions are those of a British or American keyboard, which agree about every key in these tables. If yours is laid out differently, go by where the key is rather than by what is printed on it.
At SuperForth, and in its editor, the left, right and up arrow keys type characters: [, ] and a small up arrow. Only the down arrow moves the cursor. That is not MAME's doing. It is how SuperForth reads the Einstein's keyboard, and it is the only way to type a square bracket.
In the editor, movement is the down arrow, SHIFT and the down arrow, TAB, and SHIFT and TAB. S10 has the details.
MAME has control keys of its own - Esc to quit, F3 to reset the machine, F5 to pause it. They would collide with keys the Einstein needs, so MAME starts with them switched off, and Esc, Tab and the function keys go to the Einstein.
One key switches them on. On a Mac it is forward delete, which on a laptop is Fn and Backspace. On Windows and Linux, MAME's documentation gives it as Scroll Lock.
Leave it alone. If it has been pressed, then the next time you press ESC to leave SuperForth's editor, MAME closes instead, and takes with it anything you had not written to the disc. Pressing the same key again hands the keyboard back to the Einstein.
To stop MAME on purpose, close its window - after DOS, or at least FLUSH, as S9 explains.
