Assembly Language Fundamentals

This lesson shows how to combine two 8×8 sprites side by side and move them together to appear as a single 8×16 sprite, demonstrated by creating a simple flying saucer made from two synchronised sprites.

Learn how to overlay two sprites with different colours to create multi-colour or shaded effects, breaking the single-colour limit and giving your sprites depth and a 3D appearance.

Learn how to animate a sprite on the Tatung Einstein by repeatedly updating its X and Y coordinates in the VDP’s sprite attribute table, letting the hardware move it smoothly across the screen without redrawing pixels.

This lesson teaches how to animate a sprite by changing its pattern to match movement direction, making it appear to face up, down, left, or right for simple visual feedback.

Learn how to fire projectiles using sprites, manage their active state, and update movement independently for dynamic shooting action.

Learn how to detect when two sprites touch by checking the VDP’s collision flag, then trigger a visual response — such as changing the background to red — when a collision occurs.

This lesson teaches how to scan the Tatung Einstein keyboard matrix directly using the AY-3-8910, read multiple keys in real time, and use raw hardware input to control game movement.

A reference table showing ASCII codes for letters, digits and symbols. Useful for printing characters, converting numbers, and understanding how text is represented in memory.

Explains every register and its role. Covers general, alternate, index, stack, and special registers with examples, focusing on how they interact and differ in assembly programming.